2-D reflection seismic data provide cross-sectional views in both the dip and strike directions. Data on the lines are a mixture of both in-plane and out-of-plane reflectors. 2-D reflection seismic data are most important in the earlier stages of.
Seismic surveys within rugged terrain—across rivers, steep cliffs, urban areas, and culturally and environmentally sensitive zones—were both challenging and expansive exercises.Seismic interpretation is a fundamental process for hydrocarbon exploration. This activity comprises identifying geological information through the processing and analysis of seismic data represented by different attributes. The interpretation process presents limitations related to its high data volume, own complexity, time consumption, and uncertainties incorporated by the experts’ work.Modern technology has made different cable-free solutions practical. High-resolution analogue to digital converters are now affordable, as are GPS radios for timing and location.
The second is the limited or no real-time data quality control that inspires sceptics to use the term blind acquisition to nodal operations. The third is the traditional question of geophone array versus point receiver acquisition. Although a string of the geophone can be connected to autonomous nodes, the preference is to deploy a single or internal geophone with the nodes to maintain the proposed flexibility of cable-free recording systems.This case study elaborates on the benefits of the cable-free seismic surveys, with specific examples of 2D and 3D exploration programs conducted in Australia in the past few years. Optimisation of field crew size, field crew resources, cost implications, and footprint to the environment, wildlife and domestic livestock will be discussed. In addition, the study focuses on the data quality/data assurance and the processes implanted during data acquisition to maintain equivalent industry standards to cable recording. Emphases will also include data analysis and test results of the geophone array versus the cable-free point receiver recording.
by overcoming the data QC, collection, transcription, and security limitations of ‘blind’ nodal systems. by taking advantage of highly efficient radio technologies, instead of bulky, heavy, unreliable cables, and includes data security and data visibility —well understood advantages of real-time cabled systems.Seismic contractors no longer have to risk compromising the quality and the security of their data to access a high channel-count, cable-less system.RT2 is designed and engineered to overcome the limitations of the currently available seismic recording systems and to deliver a reliable, cost-effective, easy-to-use solution for both conventional and unconventional seismic operations.RT2 advances the way seismic data are acquired onshore delivers, at scale, the flexibility and reduced operating costs inherent in cable-less systems, and scales to tens of thousands of channels,
Seismic Data Software Has Been
Backward compatible with a simple firmware update.The RT2 software has been designed from the ground up to deliver a fully featured user interface that has the “look and feel” of a cabled system with support of real-time data collection and spread management. One fully charged standard 6-cell battery will now operate a WRU for 25+ days (assuming a 12-hour workday) and two fully charged standard 6-cell batteries for over 50 days. Reduced power consumption means up to 50% fewer batteries on each crew, resulting in less capital expenditures and greater efficiencies.
The standard operating mode for RT2 is real-time wireless recording with auto skip-healing, should any WRUs lose radio connectivity. Hybrid Radio TelemetryRT2 features a robust Hybrid Radio Telemetry system that enables your seismic data acquisition project to continue, uninterrupted, even if radio connectivity is temporarily lost over portions of the spread. While the RT2 Central mimics the typical features of cabled telemetry systems, Wireless Seismic has also added many capabilities that make the RT2 a truly unique seismic recording system. Attributes from daily tests, battery status, and telemetry status are always available to the user or they can be updated on demand.
The buffered seismic data can then be collected wirelessly at the operator’s convenience.The Line Interface Unit (LIU) is a critical component of the RT2 data communications infrastructure and fulfills several important functions as part of the system. Alternatively, autonomous recording can be user-selected at any time—where data will be buffered into local flash memory while real-time QC data continues to stream to the Central. When radio connectivity is restored, buffered seismic data are wirelessly transmitted back to the Central recorder.
The LIU would typically be located in the center of the line, but can be located anywhere on the line that supports good backhaul connectivity and crew logistics. Act as “traffic cops” for outbound commands from the Central, distributing these messages to the WRUs on each line segment, and for any inbound spread data and status information responding to requests from the Central.The LIUs are physically located at strategic points along lines or line segments of WRUs and communicate with the WRUs on the same patented 2.4 GHz radio telemetry. Each LIU disciplines its clock to GPS and then provides synchronization via the radio to discipline the WRUs. Provide clock discipline to each line segment of WRUs, which allows the WRU to switch off its GPS subsystem after the GPS has acquired the WRU’s position, saving significant WRU battery power.
In the two-battery configuration, its intelligent power management system initially chooses the battery with the least amount of charge available. The LED status indicators on the unit provide complete, easy-to-interpret diagnostics.The WRU runs from either one or two rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The advantage of this system is that the least-skilled personnel can deploy the WRUs without using complex keyboard/display devices. To turn it off, just pick it up by its attached rope.
One tri-color LED indicates the charge state — charging, charged, or out of temperature range for charging. Five volts are supplied to the pack for charging. The charge circuitry is contained within the pack, so no special chargers are required. When radio connectivity is restored, buffered data are wirelessly transmitted to the Central recorder.The WRU battery pack is a fully contained smart battery with a choice of capacities to meet the needs of modern 2D, 3D, and passive seismic surveys. The status of the batteries is monitored continuously from the Central recording system, and LED indicators tell the field crew which batteries to replace first.If radio connectivity is partially lost, the Hybrid Radio Telemetry immediately allows stranded WRUs to switch to operating autonomously, buffering data into local flash memory. Depleted batteries can be replaced in the field, but in most field operations, the batteries will last until the WRU is picked up.
One charging station can charge 80 fully discharged standard batteries in 8 hours and high-capacity batteries in 12 hours from a standard electrical service. The charger includes 10 self-contained charging drawers, each with its own power supply to charge the battery packs. These battery packs have been specifically designed to yield the maximum number of charge cycles for years of dependable use in the field.The WRU battery charger is specifically designed to provide high density charging with a small physical footprint.
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